John Chrysostom on Psalm 132

John Chrysostom, Expositions on the Psalms, Exposition on Psalm 132

For the 131st Psalm. Remember, O Lord, David and all his meekness. In some places, they wish to be saved merely by the remembrance of their ancestors. But here, they also speak of their accomplishments and the cause of all good things: gentleness, humility, meekness, which Moses was especially admired for. For he was, it says, the meekest of all men upon the earth. But some heretics, seizing upon his behavior and what has been said, exclaim: "What are you saying? Was he not the very man who, inflamed with anger, struck down the Egyptian and killed him? The one who filled the Jews with blood from civil wars and battles? Who commanded kinsmen to commit murder? Who parted the land with a curse, brought down lightning from above, drowning some and setting others on fire? If he was meek, then who would be wrathful and harsh?" Cease speaking idly. For he was meek, the meekest of all men, and I say this and will not retract saying it. And if you wish, I will attempt to prove his meekness not from other places, but from these very things you've mentioned. I could have mentioned the words spoken about his sister to God, the supplication he offered for the nation, all those apostolic words worthy of heaven, and the gentleness with which he addressed the people. I could mention these and many more things. But if you wish, let's leave these aside. Let's demonstrate from the accusations of his enemies that he was the meekest, even when some think of him as harsh and wrathful because of them. How shall we demonstrate this? First, let's differentiate and define what meekness is, and what harshness is. For neither is striking simply harshness, nor is sparing simply meekness. The meek person is one who can bear wrongs done to himself, but defends those wronged, and becomes a vehement avenger of those oppressed. The person who isn't like this, who is sluggish, sleepy, and no better than a corpse, is not meek, nor gentle. To ignore those being wronged, not to grieve for those being harmed, or to not get angry at the oppressors, is not virtue, but vice. Hence, not meekness, but sluggishness. Thus, this very thing proves his meekness: that he was so fervent that he could not restrain his indignation for justice when he saw others being wronged. But when he himself suffered wrongdoing, he neither retaliated nor pursued, but continuously remained philosophical." But if he was harsh, and angry, he would not have been so passionate and fervent on behalf of others, but rather, he would have been content to remain calm for his own sake. But much more then, he would have been provoked to anger. For you know, we feel more pain for our own than for strangers. And when others suffered wrong, he defended them no less than those suffering; but the wrongs done to him, he endured with great patience, being extreme in both — showing his hatred for evil in the one case, and his patience in the other. But tell me, what should he have done? Overlook the injustices taking place, and allow evil to spread among the masses? But this isn’t the role of a demagogue, or of someone patient and forgiving, but of someone sluggish and fallen. You don’t blame a doctor for cutting off a spreading gangrene throughout the body, but you say he is extremely harsh, wanting to stop a disease, far more severe than gangrene, flowing through the entire populace with a harsher blow? But this is the view of an ignorant judge. For the protector of the people, dealing with such a large and hard-hearted nation, harsh and inhospitable, should prevent harm from the outset, and block it from the front door, so that the danger does not progress further. But he destroyed Dathan and Abiram, you say. What do you mean? Should he have watched the priesthood being trampled, God's laws being overthrown, and the whole institution of priesthood, the very thing that holds everything together, being dissolved, making the sanctuary accessible to all, and due to their negligence, allowing those who wished to tread on sacred grounds, turning everything upside down? But this was not an act of gentleness, but of inhumanity and cruelty, to overlook so much growing evil, and to spare a few hundred, while losing tens of thousands. Tell me, when he ordered the slaughter of those responsible, what should he have done? With God's anger increasing, with impiety on the rise, and no one being able to snatch them from His wrath? Allow the heavenly blow to strike all tribes and deliver the entire nation to total destruction, and after the punishment, witness an incurable sin? Or by the punishment and death of a few bodies, to both eliminate the sin and avert the anger, and make God gracious to those who have committed such things? If you thus scrutinize the matter of justice, you will see that from this perspective, he was indeed very gentle. 2. But leaving these matters, which were mentioned for those who love learning, lest we make the side matter greater than our immediate task, let's turn to the issue at hand. And what was the matter at hand? "Remember, O Lord, the afflictions of David, and all his gentleness; how he swore to the Lord, and vowed to the God of Jacob." Intending to speak about gentleness, but omitting the stories about Saul, about his brothers, about Jonathan, the patience against the soldier who showered him with many insults, and other stories more numerous than these, he directs the discourse to another chapter, which was particularly filled with great zeal. Why does he do this? For two reasons: firstly, because this is what pleases God the most: "For whom will I look upon," He says, "but to the meek and quiet, and the one trembling at my words?" Secondly, because this was most urgent: the rebuilding of the temple, the construction of the city, and the restoration of the old commonwealth. The discourse is directed especially towards this. And while the one is clear and acknowledged, the one universally manifest, that of gentleness – which was especially needed for the task at hand – is brought forward. For what did they desire to see? The temple rebuilt, and the old sanctity restored. Since David shone especially in this respect, as if demanding from God the construction of the temple in return for his own zeal, he says: "Remember, O Lord, the afflictions of David, and all his gentleness; how he swore to the Lord, and vowed to the God of Jacob: If I go into the tent of my house, if I go up upon the bed of my couch, if I give sleep to my eyes, or slumber to my eyelids, or rest to my temples, until I find a place for the Lord, a tabernacle for the God of Jacob." And what does this have to do with you? Because I am his descendant, he says, and since you've embraced him with such enthusiasm, you promised to establish his lineage and kingdom, for this reason we demand these agreements now. And he didn't say, 'until I build it' (for this wasn't imposed on him), but rather, 'Until I find a place for the Lord, a dwelling'. Then he pursues the one who built; he presents the one who promised, so that you might learn how valuable correct intention is and how God always determines the reward based on intention. Therefore, he remembers him more, since he is more the builder than the child. The one had promised, the other was commanded. And see his eagerness. He says he won't only not enter a house, nor even lie down on a bed, but he won't even enjoy those things that are naturally necessary, until he finds a place and dwelling for the God of Jacob. The very opposite of what they complained to God about, saying: 'You dwell in hollow houses; but my house is a wilderness. Until I find a place for the Lord, a tent for the God of Jacob.' Again, see from this the dedication, and the worried soul. The king says, 'Until I find a place for the Lord, a tent for the God of Jacob', the one who rules all. For he didn’t simply want to build, but in the most suitable place, fitting for the temple, and this required searching; thus he was vigilant in spirit. Behold, we have heard of it in Ephrathah, we found it in the fields of the woods. He recounts ancient tales now, showing that even before for a long time the ark moved from place to place. This is why he says: 'Behold, we have heard of it in Ephrathah'; that is, our fathers told us this, we hold this from hearing that it moved everywhere in fields and lands, and afterward was established; let it be so now. Here, Ephrathah means the tribe of Judah, into which, after the long journey, it was brought. We will go into his tents, we will worship at the place where his feet stood. Do you see how he uses concrete language due to the insensitivity of the listeners, talking about God's tents, feet, and the place where the feet stood? All of this refers to the location of the ark, since from there the fearful voices came about the matters in Judea, making the unclear clear and foretelling the future. Rise up, Lord, into your rest; you, and the ark of your sanctification. One says, 'of your power'. Another, 'of your might'. Both are true. For sanctification came from there, and the letters upon it were creative of sanctification, and of power. 3. Well, therefore, he spoke thus: for God showed great power through it, once, twice, and many times, such as when it was taken by the Philistines of Ashdod, when it brought down the idols, when it struck those who had taken it, when it stopped the plague after it was returned, and through other things, through which there He worked, He demonstrated His own strength. But what does 'Arise to your resting place' mean? Establish us, he says, wandering and the ark being carried around, and finally, let it rest. Your priests will be clothed with righteousness. Another [version] says, "Let them be clothed." Another says, "They should dress," which is clearer: for it is a prayer, not a prophecy, and it asks for the acquisition of virtue. And here, he means by 'righteousness' sanctity, priesthood, worship, sacrifices, offerings, and along with these, precise governance, especially since it is required from priests. And your faithful ones will rejoice when these things happen. See him not seeking the building of a city, not an abundance of goods, not other prosperity, but the decorum of the temple, the resting place of the ark, the fullness of the priests, sanctity, worship, priesthood. Then, since they asked for these things, and they themselves were accountable for many sins, he turns again to the ancestor saying: 'For the sake of David, your servant, do not turn away the face of your Anointed.' What is [this] for the sake of David, your servant? Not only because of his virtue, he says, nor that he was so eager to build the temple, but also because you made a covenant with him. For the sake of David, your servant, do not turn away the face of your Christ. Of whom does he speak? Of the one then anointed and leading the people, and being the leader of the people. The Lord swore to David a truth, and he will not annul it. From the fruit of your womb, I will set [someone] upon your throne. For he remembered David, and the man's virtue, and his eagerness for the temple, and he recounted the ancient tales, and deemed it worthy based on his previous governance, which is the most significant part, he brings this forth, reading the covenants of God. What are these? 'From the fruit of your womb, I will set [someone] upon your throne.' But the covenants were not made simply; they were made with a certain specification. What was the specification? Listen; for he adds: 'If your sons keep my covenant, and these testimonies which I will teach them, their sons will also sit forever on your throne.' Setting these covenants, God handed them the document; and they in turn said, 'All that the Lord has said we will do and listen.' Then, since he sees one side breaking the covenants, he leads the discourse to the place, using words of exhortation from everywhere, and saying: 'For the Lord chose Zion; he desired it for his habitation. This is my rest forever and ever; here I will dwell, for I have chosen it.' That is, a man did not choose the place, but God designated it, condescending to their weakness. So what he says is this: whom you have chosen, whom I will choose, whom I have deemed worthy, whom you have tested to be suitable, do not let him slip away or perish. For you said, 'I will dwell here.' But this was said after those covenants. Which ones? 'If your sons keep my covenant. I will bless her provision with blessings.' Another speaks of sustenance. He mentions the abundance of goods, prosperity, and prays for all things to flow to them as if from springs. For the Jews had such a constitution in the past, not perceiving natural necessities, whenever they had God favorable to them; for there was no famine among them, no hunger, or plague, no untimely death, nothing of such things that usually happen to humans, but everything flowed to them as if from springs, with the hand of God correcting human frailty. Thus, he says here, that He promised to bless her prey, that is, to provide an abundance of necessities with great security. I will satisfy her poor with bread. I will clothe her priests with salvation, and her devout will exult greatly. There I will make a horn sprout for David; I have prepared a lamp for my anointed. I will clothe his enemies with shame; but upon him, my sanctification will blossom. Notice prosperity everywhere: from not lacking necessities, from having the priests in safety, the people in joy, the king in power. For the lamp here either refers to the king, or to support, or to salvation, or to light; and after these, the greatest kind of prosperity. What is this? That the enemies are shrouded, and there's no one to harm these good things. And he didn't just say destruction, but shame, wanting them to be shrouded while alive, and to go down, and through what they suffer to bear witness to the power and prosperity of this nation. But upon him, my sanctification will blossom. What is "upon him"? Upon the people. One says the sanctification is the horn. Another, His distinction. Another, His separated one. So what is meant? It seems to me he speaks of prosperity, safety, power, the kingdom.

ΕΙΣ ΤΟΝ ΡΛΑʹ ΨΑΛΜΟΝ. Μνήσθητι, Κύριε, τοῦ Δαυῒδ, καὶ πάσης τῆς πραότητος αὐτοῦ. αʹ. Ἀλλαχοῦ μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς μνήμης τῶν προγόνων μόνον ἀξιοῦσι σώζεσθαι· ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ τὰ κατορθώματα λέγουσι, καὶ τὸ πάντων αἴτιον τῶν ἀγαθῶν, ἐπιείκειαν, ταπεινοφροσύνην, πραότητα, ἐν ᾧ μάλιστα ἐθαυμάζετο καὶ Μωϋσῆς. Ἦν γὰρ πραότατος, φησὶ, πάντων ἀνδρῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. Ἀλλά τινες τῶν αἱρετικῶν ἐπιλαμβανόμενοι τῆς πολιτείας αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοῦ εἰρημένου, φασί· Τί λέγεις; πραότατος ἐκεῖνος ὁ λὰξ ἐναφεὶς τῷ Αἰγυπτίῳ, καὶ ἀνελών; ὁ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἐμφυλίων ἐμπλήσας αἱμάτων καὶ πολέμων; ὁ συγγενικοὺς κελεύσας ἐργάσασθαι φόνους; ὁ τὴν γῆν εὐχῇ διελὼν, καὶ κεραυνοὺς ἄνωθεν ἐνεγκὼν, καὶ τοὺς μὲν καταποντίσας, τοὺς δὲ καταφλέξας; οὗτος εἰ πρᾶος ἦν, τίς ὀργίλος καὶ σκληρός; Παῦσαι, μὴ περιττὰ φθέγγου. Ὅτι πρᾶος ἦν, καὶ πάντων ἀνθρώπων πραότατος, καὶ λέγω, καὶ οὐκ ἀποστήσομαι ταῦτα λέγων, καὶ εἰ βούλεσθε οὐχ ἑτέρωθεν, ἀλλ’ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν τούτων τῶν εἰρημένων δεῖξαι πειράσομαι αὐτοῦ τὴν πραότητα. Καίτοι γε ἐνῆν λέγειν τὰ περὶ τῆς ἀδελφῆς εἰρημένα αὐτῷ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, τὴν ἱκετηρίαν, ἣν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἔθνους ἀνέθηκε, πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ἐκεῖνα τὰ ἀποστολικὰ, καὶ τῶν οὐρανῶν ἄξια, τὴν ἐπιείκειαν μεθ’ ἧς τῷ δήμῳ διελέγετο. Ἐνῆν καὶ ταῦτα λέγειν, καὶ ἕτερα τούτων πλείονα ἀπαριθμεῖν· ἀλλ’ εἰ βούλεσθε, ταῦτα παρέντες, φέρε ἀπ’ αὐτῶν τούτων τῶν ἔμπροσθεν εἰρημένων παρὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν δείξωμεν, ὅτι πραότατος ἦν, ἀφ’ ὧν βαρὺν καὶ σκληδείξωμεν, ὅτι πραότατος ἦν, ἀφ’ ὧν βαρὺν καὶ σκληρὸν καὶ ὀργίλον αὐτὸν εἶναι νομίζουσί τινες. Πῶς οὖν δείξομεν; Εἰ πρότερον διακρίναιμεν, καὶ ὁρισαίμεθα, τί ποτέ ἐστι πραότης, καὶ τί τραχύτης. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ πλήττειν, τραχύτητος ἁπλῶς, οὐδὲ τὸ φείδεσθαι, πραότητος· ἀλλὰ πρᾶος ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν, ὁ τὰ εἰς ἑαυτὸν πλημμελήματα φέρειν δυνάμενος, καὶ ὁ τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις ἀμύνων, καὶ σφοδρὸς ἔκδικος τῶν ἐπηρεαζομένων γινόμενος· ὡς ὅ γε μὴ τοιοῦτος, νωθὴς, καὶ ὑπνηλὸς, καὶ νεκροῦ οὐδὲν ἄμεινον διακείμενος, οὐ πρᾶος, οὐδὲ ἐπιεικής. Τὸ παρορᾷν ἀδικουμένους, τὸ μὴ ἀλγεῖν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀδικουμένων, μηδὲ θυμοῦσθαι τοῖς ἐπηρεάζουσιν, οὐκ ἀρετῆς, ἀλλὰ κακίας· οὐκ ἄρα πραότητος, ἀλλὰ νωθείας. Ὥστε αὐτὸ δὴ τοῦτο δείκνυσιν αὐτοῦ τὴν πραότητα, καὶ ὅτι οὕτως ἦν θερμὸς, ὡς καὶ προπηδᾷν, ἐν οἷς ἑτέρους ἀδικουμένους ἑώρα, κατέχειν οὐ δυνάμενος τὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ δικαίου ἀγανάκτησιν· ἡνίκα γοῦν αὐτὸς κακῶς ἔπασχεν, οὔτε ἠμύνατο, οὔτε ἐπεξῄει, ἀλλ’ ἔμεινε φιλοσοφῶν διηνεκῶς. Εἰ δὲ τραχὺς ἦν, καὶ ὀργίλος, οὐκ ἂν ὑπὲρ ἑτέρων ὁ οὕτω ζέων καὶ διαθερμαινόμενος, ὑπὲρ τῶν αὐτοῦ ἂν κατεδέξατο ἡσυχάσαι, ἀλλὰ πολὺ μᾶλλον τότε ἂν ἐξηγριώθη. Ἴστε γὰρ, ὅτι μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τοῖς οἰκείοις ἢ τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις ἀλγοῦμεν. Ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν μὲν ἄλλων πασχόντων κακῶς, αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔλαττον τῶν πασχόντων ἠμύνετο· τὰ δὲ εἰς αὐτὸν γινόμενα πλημμελήματα μετὰ πολλῆς παρέτρεχε τῆς καρτερίας, ἐν ἑκατέροις ἄκρος ὢν, καὶ τῷ μὲν τὸ μισοπόνηρον, τῷ δὲ τὸ μακρόθυμον ἐπιδεικνύμενος. Ἀλλὰ τί ποιεῖν ἐχρῆν, εἰπέ μοι; περιορᾷν τὴν ἀδικίαν γινομένην, καὶ εἰς τὸ πλῆθος ἐκβαῖνον τὸ κακόν; Ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἦν τοῦτο δημαγωγοῦ, οὐδὲ μακροθύμου τινὸς καὶ ἀνεξικάκου, ἀλλὰ νωθροῦ καὶ ἀναπεπτωκότος. Σὺ δὲ ἰατρῷ μὲν οὐκ ἐγκαλεῖς τὴν σηπεδόνα βαδίζουσαν κατὰ παντὸς τοῦ σώματος προαναστέλλοντι τῇ τομῇ, ἐκεῖνον δὲ τραχύτατον εἶναι φῂς, τὸν νόσον πολλῷ σηπεδόνος χαλεπωτέραν κατὰ παντὸς ῥέουσαν τοῦ δήμου βουληθέντα ἀναχαιτίσαι πληγῇ τραχυτέρᾳ; Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα ἀγνώμονος δικαστοῦ. Τὸν γὰρ προστάτην δήμου τοσούτου, καὶ ἔθνος οὕτω σκληρὸν ἄγοντα, καὶ τραχὺ καὶ δυσήνιον, ἐν προοιμίοις ἀναστέλλειν ἐχρῆν, καὶ ἐκ προθύρων ἀνακόπτειν, ὥστε μὴ περαιτέρω προβαίνειν τὸ δεινόν. Ἀλλὰ κατέδυσε, φησὶ, Δαθὰν, καὶ Ἀβειρών. Τί λέγεις; καὶ ἔδει περιιδεῖν ἱερωσύνην πατουμένην, καὶ Θεοῦ νόμους ἀνατρεπομένους, καὶ τὸ συνέχον ἅπαντα διαλυόμενον, λέγω δὴ τὸ τῆς ἱερωσύνης ἀξίωμα, καὶ πᾶσι βατὰ ποιῆσαι τὰ ἄδυτα, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς περὶ τούτους ῥᾳθυμίας προθεῖναι τοῖς βουλομένοις τοὺς ἱεροὺς καταπατεῖν περιβόλους, καὶ πάντα ἄνω καὶ κάτω γίνεσθαι; Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μάλιστα πραότητος οὐκ ἦν, ἀλλὰ ἀπανθρωπίας καὶ ὠμότητος, τὸ περιιδεῖν τοσοῦτον κακὸν αὐξόμενον, καὶ φειδόμενον διακοσίων, ἀπολέσαι μυριάδας τοσαύτας. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, ὅτε ἐκέλευσε σφάξαι τοὺς προσήκοντας, τί ποιῆσαι ἐχρῆν, ὀργιζομένου Θεοῦ, τῆς ἀσεβείας αὐξομένης, οὐδενὸς ὄντος τοῦ δυναμένου τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτοὺς ἐξαρπάσαι; ἀφεῖναι τὴν ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν πληγὴν ἐπὶ τὰς φυλὰς ἁπάσας ἐνεχθῆναι, καὶ πανωλεθρίᾳ παραδοῦναι τὸ γένος, καὶ μετὰ τῆς κολάσεως περιιδεῖν καὶ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἀνίατον γινομένην; ἢ τιμωρίᾳ καὶ φόνῳ σωμάτων ὀλίγων τό τε ἁμάρτημα ἀνελεῖν, τήν τε ὀργὴν ἀναχαιτίσαι, τόν τε Θεὸν ἵλεω καταστῆσαι τοῖς τὰ τοιαῦτα πεπλημμεληκόσιν; Ἂν οὕτως ἐξετάζῃς τὰ τοῦ δικαίου, ὄψει μάλιστα ἐντεῦθεν ὄντα αὐτὸν πραότατον. βʹ. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων τοῖς φιλομαθέσιν ἀφέντες ἀναλέγειν, ἵνα μὴ τὸ πάρεργον τοῦ μετὰ χεῖρας μεῖζον ποιήσωμεν, ἐπὶ τὸ προκείμενον ἴωμεν. Τί δὲ ἦν τὸ προκείμενον; Μνήσθητι, Κύριε, τοῦ Δαυῒδ, καὶ πάσης τῆς πραότητος αὐτοῦ· ὡς ὤμοσε τῷ Κυρίῳ, ηὔξατο τῷ Θεῷ Ἰακώβ. Προθεὶς εἰπεῖν περὶ πραότητος, ἀφεὶς διηγήσασθαι τὰ κατὰ τὸν Σαοὺλ, τὰ κατὰ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς, τὰ τοῦ Ἰωνάθαν, τὴν μακροθυμίαν τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ στρατιώτου τοῦ μυρίοις αὐτὸν περιβαλόντος ὀνείδεσιν, ἕτερα πλείονα τούτων, ἐφ’ ἕτερον κεφάλαιον ἄγει τὸν λόγον, ὃ ζήλου μάλιστα ἦν πολλοῦ. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν τοῦτο ποιεῖ; Δυοῖν ἕνεκα· ἑνὸς μὲν, ἐπειδὴ τούτῳ μάλιστα ἐπιτέρπεται ὁ Θεός· Ἐπὶ τίνα γὰρ ἐπιβλέψω, φησὶν, ἀλλ’ ἢ ἐπὶ τὸν πρᾶον καὶ ἡσύχιον, καὶ τρέμοντά μου τοὺς λόγους; ἑτέρου δὲ, ἐπειδὴ τὸ κατεπεῖγον τοῦτο μάλιστα ἦν, ἀνάστασις ναοῦ, καὶ οἰκοδομὴ πόλεως, καὶ ἡ τῆς παλαιᾶς πολιτείας ἀπόδοσις, πρὸς τοῦτο μάλιστα ἐπείγει τὸν λόγον, καὶ τὸ μὲν ὡς δῆλον καὶ ὡμολογημένον παρίησι· τὸ δὲ πᾶσι καταφανὲς, τὸ τῆς πραότητος· οὗ δὴ μάλιστα ἐδεῖτο εἰς τὸ προκείμενον, τοῦτο εἰς μέσον φέρει. Τί γὰρ ἐπεθύμουν ἰδεῖν; Τὸν ναὸν ἀναστάντα, καὶ τὴν παλαιὰν ἁγιαστίαν ἀποδοθεῖσαν. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐν τούτῳ μάλιστα ἔλαμψεν ὁ Δαυῒδ, ὥσπερ ἀμοιβὴν τῆς ἐκείνου σπουδῆς ἀπαιτεῖ τὸν Θεὸν τοῦ ναοῦ τὴν οἰκοδομὴν, καί φησι· Μνήσθητι, Κύριε, τοῦ Δαυῒδ, καὶ πάσης τῆς πραότητος αὐτοῦ· ὡς ὤμοσε τῷ Κυρίῳ, ηὔξατο τῷ Θεῷ Ἰακώβ· Εἰ εἰσελεύσομαι εἰς σκήνωμα οἴκου μου, εἰ ἀναβήσομαι ἐπὶ κλίνης στρωμνῆς μου, εἰ δώσω ὕπνον τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου, καὶ τοῖς βλεφάροις μου νυσταγμὸν, καὶ ἀνάπαυσιν τοῖς κροτάφοις μου, ἕως οὗ εὕρω τόπον τῷ Κυρίῳ, κροτάφοις μου, ἕως οὗ εὕρω τόπον τῷ Κυρίῳ, σκήνωμα τῷ Θεῷ Ἰακώβ. Καὶ τί τοῦτο πρὸς σέ; Ὅτι ἐκείνου, φησὶν, ἔκγονός εἰμι, καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐκεῖνον ἀποδεξάμενος τῆς σπουδῆς, ἔφησας στήσειν αὐτοῦ τὸ γένος καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν, διὰ τοῦτο ταύτας ἀπαιτοῦμεν τὰς συνθήκας νῦν. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, ἕως οὗ οἰκοδομήσω (τοῦτο γὰρ αὐτῷ οὐκ ἐφεῖτο), ἀλλ’, Ἕως οὗ εὕρω τόπον τῷ Κυρίῳ καὶ σκήνωμα. Εἶτα τὸν μὲν οἰκοδομήσαντα παρατρέχει· τὸν δὲ ἐπαγγειλάμενον εἰς μέσον τίθησιν, ἵνα μάθῃς πόσον ἐστὶ γνώμη ὀρθὴ ἀγαθὸν, καὶ πῶς ἀεὶ τῇ προαιρέσει τὸν μισθὸν ὁ Θεὸς ὁρίζειν εἴωθε· διὰ δὴ τοῦτο αὐτοῦ μέμνηται μᾶλλον, ἐπειδὴ καὶ αὐτὸς μᾶλλόν ἐστιν ὁ ᾠκοδομηκὼς, ἢ ὁ παῖς. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἐπηγγείλατο, ὁ δὲ ἐπετάγη. Καὶ ὅρα αὐτοῦ τὴν προθυμίαν. Οὐ μόνον εἰς οἰκίαν φησὶν οὐκ εἰσελεύσεσθαι, οὐδὲ εἰς κλίνην ἀναβήσεσθαι, ἀλλ’ οὐδὲ ἃ ἀπὸ τῆς φυσικῆς ἀνάγκης ἦν, οὐδὲ τούτων ἀπολαύσεσθαι μετὰ ἀδείας, ἕως οὗ εὕρῃ τόπον καὶ σκήνωμα τῷ Θεῷ Ἰακώβ. Ὧν τὰ ἐναντία αὐτοὶ ἐνεκαλοῦντο παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, λέγοντος· Ὑμεῖς μὲν Οἰκεῖτε ἐν οἴκοις κοιλοστάθμοις· ὁ δὲ οἶκός μού ἐστιν ἔρημος. Ἕως οὗ εὕρω τόπον τῷ Κυρίῳ, σκήνωμα τῷ Θεῷ Ἰακώβ. Ὅρα πάλιν καὶ ἐντεῦθεν τὴν σπουδὴν, καὶ τὴν μεμεριμνημένην ψυχήν. Ὁ βασιλεὺς λέγει, Ἕως οὗ εὕρω τόπον τῷ Κυρίῳ, σκήνωμα τῷ Θεῷ Ἰακὼβ, ὁ πάντων κρατῶν. Οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς οἰκοδομῆσαι ἐβούλετο, ἀλλ’ ἐν ἐπιτηδειοτάτῳ χωρίῳ, καὶ σφόδρα τῷ ναῷ πρέποντι, καὶ ζητήσεως ἐδεῖτο· οὕτως ἦν ἄγρυπνος τῇ ψυχῇ. Ἰδοὺ ἠκούσαμεν αὐτὴν ἐν Ἐφραθὰ, εὕρομεν αὐτὴν ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις τοῦ δρυμοῦ. Τὰ παλαιὰ διηγεῖται νῦν, δεικνὺς ὅτι καὶ ἔμπροσθεν πολὺν περιῄει χρόνον ἡ κιβωτὸς, τόπον ἐκ τόπου ἀμείβουσα· διὰ τοῦτό φησιν· Ἰδοὺ ἠκούσαμεν αὐτὴν ἐν Ἐφραθά· τουτέστι, ταῦτα διηγήσαντο ἡμῖν οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν, ταῦτα ἐξ ἀκοῆς κατέχομεν, ὅτι καὶ τότε περιιοῦσα πανταχοῦ, ἐν πεδίοις καὶ ἀγροῖς, ἡδράσθη μετὰ ταῦτα· τοῦτο δὴ γενέσθω καὶ νῦν. Ἐφραθὰ ἐνταῦθα τὴν Ἰούδα λέγει φυλὴν, εἰς ἣν μετὰ τὴν πολλὴν περίοδον εἰσηνέχθη. Εἰσελευσόμεθα εἰς τὰ σκηνώματα αὐτοῦ, προσκυνήσομεν εἰς τὸν τόπον, οὗ ἔστησαν οἱ πόδες κυνήσομεν εἰς τὸν τόπον, οὗ ἔστησαν οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ. Εἶδες πόσῃ παχύτητι κέχρηται τῆς λέξεως διὰ τὴν πολλὴν τῶν ἀκουόντων ἀναισθησίαν, σκηνώματα λέγων τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ πόδας, καὶ τόπον, ἔνθα ἔστησαν οἱ πόδες. Ταῦτα δὲ πάντα τὸν τόπον λέγει τῆς κιβωτοῦ, ἐπειδὴ ἐκεῖθεν αἱ φρικταὶ φωναὶ ἐφέροντο περὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις πραγμάτων λύουσαι τὰ ἀσαφῆ, καὶ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων προλέγουσαι. Ἀνάστηθι, Κύριε, εἰς τὴν ἀνάπαυσίν σου, σὺ καὶ ἡ κιβωτὸς τοῦ ἁγιάσματός σου. Ἕτερος. Τῆς ἰσχύος σου. Ἄλλος, Τοῦ κράτους σου· ἀμφότερα δὲ ἀληθῆ. Καὶ γὰρ ἡ ἁγιωσύνη ἐκεῖθεν ἐδίδοτο, καὶ ἁγιωσύνης ἦν ποιητικὰ τὰ γράμματα τὰ ἐπικείμενα, καὶ ἰσχύος. γʹ. Καλῶς οὖν οὕτως εἶπε· πολλὴν γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς ἐνεδείξατο δι’ αὐτῆς δύναμιν, καὶ ἅπαξ, καὶ δὶς, καὶ πολλάκις, οἷον ὅτε ἐλήφθη παρὰ τῶν Ἀζωτίων, ὅτε τὰ εἴδωλα κατήνεγκεν, ὅτε ἔπληξε τοὺς εἰληφότας, ὅτε ἔστησε τὴν πληγὴν ἀποδοθείσης αὐτῆς, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἄλλων δὲ, δι’ ὧν αὐτόθι εἰργάζετο, τὴν ἰσχὺν ἐπεδείκνυτο τὴν ἑαυτοῦ. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ἀνάστηθι εἰς τὴν ἀνάπαυσίν σου; Στῆσον ἡμᾶς ἀλωμένους, φησὶ, καὶ τὴν κιβωτὸν περιφερομένην, καὶ ὀψὲ γοῦν ποτε ἀνάπαυσον αὐτήν. Οἱ ἱερεῖς σου ἐνδύσονται ποτε ἀνάπαυσον αὐτήν. Οἱ ἱερεῖς σου ἐνδύσονται δικαιοσύνην. Ἕτερος, Ἀμφιεσθήτωσαν. Ἄλλος, Ἐνδυσάσθωσαν, ὅπερ μάλιστά ἐστι σαφέστερον· εὐχομένου γάρ ἐστιν, οὐχὶ προφητεύοντος, καὶ αἰτοῦντος τὴν τῆς ἀρετῆς κτῆσιν. Δικαιοσύνην δὲ ἐνταῦθά φησι τὴν ἁγιαστίαν, τὴν ἱερωσύνην, τὴν λατρείαν, τὰς θυσίας, τὰς προσφορὰς, καὶ μετὰ τούτων τὴν ἀκριβῆ πολιτείαν, ἐπειδὴ μάλιστα καὶ παρὰ ἱερέων ταύτην ἀπαιτεῖσθαι χρή. Καὶ οἱ ὅσιοί σου ἀγγαλλιάσονται· τούτων γενομένων. Ὅρα αὐτὸν οὐ πόλεως ζητοῦντα οἰκοδομὴν, οὐκ ἀφθονίαν ὠνίων, οὐ τὴν ἄλλην εὐπραγίαν, ἀλλὰ τὴν εὐπρέπειαν τοῦ ναοῦ, τὴν τῆς κιβωτοῦ κατάπαυσιν, τὸ τῶν ἱερέων πλήρωμα, τὴν ἁγιαστίαν, τὴν λατρείαν, τὴν ἱερωσύνην. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ ταῦτα ᾔτησαν, αὐτοὶ δὲ ὑπεύθυνοι ἁμαρτήμασιν ἦσαν πολλοῖς, ἐπὶ τὸν πρόγονον καταφεύγει πάλιν λέγων· Ἕνεκεν Δαυῒδ τοῦ δούλου σου μὴ ἀποστρέψῃς τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Χριστοῦ σου. Τί ἐστιν, Ἕνεκεν Δαυῒδ τοῦ δούλου σου; Οὐ διὰ τὴν ἀρετὴν ἐκείνου μόνον, φησὶν, οὐδ’ ὅτι τοσαύτην σπουδὴν ἐποιήσατο πρὸς τὸ τὸν ναὸν ἀναστῆσαι, ἀλλ’ ὅτι καὶ συνθήκας ἔθου πρὸς αὐτόν. Ἕνεκεν Δαυῒδ τοῦ δούλου σου μὴ ἀποστρέψῃς τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Χριστοῦ σου. Τίνος φησί; Τοῦ τότε χρισθέντος καὶ δημαγωγοῦντος, καὶ προεστῶτος τοῦ λαοῦ. Ὤμοσε Κύριος τοῦ Δαυῒδ ἀλήθειαν, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀθετήσει αὐτήν. Ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς κοιλίας σου θήσομαι ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου σου. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐμνήσθη τοῦ Δαυῒδ, καὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς, καὶ τῆς σπουδῆς τῆς πρὸς τὸν ναὸν, καὶ τὰ παλαιὰ διηγήματα εἶπε, καὶ ἠξίωσεν ἐπὶ τῆς προτέρας αὐτοῦ φανῆναι πολιτείας, ὅπερ μέγιστον ἔχει κεφάλαιον, τοῦτο προβάλλεται, τὰς συνθήκας ἀναγινώσκων τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ποῖαι δὲ αὗταί εἰσιν; Ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς κοιλίας σου θήσομαι ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου σου. Ἀλλ’ οὐχ ἁπλῶς αἱ συνθῆκαι ἐγένοντο, ἀλλὰ μετὰ διορισμοῦ τινος. Τίς δὲ ἦν ὁ διορισμός; Ἄκουε· ἐπάγει γάρ· Ἐὰν φυλάξωνται οἱ υἱοί σου τὴν διαθήκην μου, καὶ τὰ μαρτύριά μου ταῦτα. ἃ διδάξω αὐτοὺς, καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτῶν ἕως τοῦ αἰῶνος καθιοῦνται ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου σου. Ταύτας τὰς συνθήκας θέμενος ὁ τοῦ θρόνου σου. Ταύτας τὰς συνθήκας θέμενος ὁ Θεὸς, αὐτοῖς ἐνεχείρισε τὸ χειρόγραφον· κἀκεῖνοι πάλιν ἔλεγον, Πάντα ὅσα εἶπεν ὁ Κύριος ποιήσομεν καὶ ἀκουσόμεθα. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ ὁρᾷ τὸ ἓν μέρος παραβεβηκὸς τὰς συνθήκας, ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον ἄγει τὸν λόγον, πανταχόθεν κινῶν λόγους παρακλητικοὺς, καὶ λέγων· Ὅτι ἐξελέξατο Κύριος τὴν Σιὼν, ᾑρετίσατο αὐτὴν εἰς κατοικίαν ἑαυτῷ. Αὕτη ἡ κατάπαυσίς μου εἰς αἰῶνα αἰῶνος. Ὧδε κατοικήσω, ὅτι ᾑρετισάμην αὐτήν. Τουτέστιν, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος τὸν τόπον ἐξελέξατο, ἀλλ’ ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸν ἐψηφίσατο, συγκαταβαίνων αὐτῶν τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ. Ὃ οὖν λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν· ὃν εἵλου, ὃν ἐξελέξω, ὃν ἐψηφίσω, ὃν ἐδοκίμασας ἐπιτήδειον εἶναι, μὴ ἀφῇς διαῤῥυῆναι, μηδὲ ἀπολέσθαι. Ταῦτα γὰρ ἔλεγες, ὅτι Κατοικήσω ἐνταῦθα. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα ἐλέγετο μετὰ τῶν συνθηκῶν ἐκείνων. Ποίων δὴ τούτων; Ἐὰν φυλάξωνται οἱ υἱοί σου τὴν διαθήκην μου. Τὴν θήραν αὐτῆς εὐλογῶν εὐλογήσω. Ἕτερος, Τὸν ἐπισιτισμόν. Θήραν λέγει τῶν ὠνίων τὴν ἀφθονίαν, τὴν εὐετηρίαν, καὶ εὔχεται πάντα αὐτοῖς ὡς ἀπὸ πηγῶν ἐπιῤῥεῖν. Καὶ γὰρ τοιαύτην εἶχον πολιτείαν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τὸ παλαιὸν, οὐκ αἰσθανομένην τῶν φυσικῶν ἀναγκῶν, εἴ ποτε τὸν Θεὸν ἵλεων εἶχον· οὔτε γὰρ σιτοδεία τις ἦν παρ’ αὐτοῖς, οὐ λιμὸς, ἢ λοιμὸς, οὐ θάνατος ἄωρος, οὐκ ἄλλο τῶν τοιούτων οὐδὲν, οἷα συμβαίνειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις εἴωθεν, ἀλλὰ πάντα αὐτοῖς ὥσπερ ἐκ πηγῶν ἐπέῤῥει, τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ χειρὸς τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων πραγμάτων τὴν ἀσθένειαν διορθουμένης. Τοῦτο οὖν φησιν ἐνταῦθα, ὅτι Ὑπέσχου τὴν θήραν αὐτῆς εὐλογήσειν, τουτέστι, τὴν τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἀφθονίαν παρέξειν μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ἀσφαλείας. Τοὺς πτωχοὺς αὐτῆς χορτάσω ἄρτων. Τοὺς ἱερεῖς αὐτῆς ἐνδύσω σωτηρίαν, καὶ οἱ ὅσιοι αὐτῆς ἀγαλλιάσει ἀγαλλιάσονται. Ἐκεῖ ἐξανατελῶν κέρας τῷ Δαυΐδ· ἡτοίμασα λύχνον τῷ χριστῷ μου. Τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτοῦ ἐνδύσω αἰσχύνην· ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτὸν ἐξανθήσει τὸ ἁγίασμά μου. Ὅρα πανταχόθεν εὐημερίαν συγκεκροτημένην, ἀπὸ τοῦ μηδὲν τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἐνδεῖν, ἀπὸ τοῦ τοὺς ἱερεῖς ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ εἶναι, ἀπὸ τοῦ τὸν λαὸν ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ, ἀπὸ τοῦ τὸν βασιλέα ἐν ἰσχύϊ. Λύχνον γὰρ ἐνταῦθα ἢ τὸν βασιλέα φησὶν, ἢ ἀντίληψιν, ἢ σωτηρίαν, ἢ φῶς· μετὰ δὲ τούτων τὸ μέγιστον τῆς εὐημερίας εἶδος. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Τὸ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἐγκαλύπτεσθαι, καὶ μηδένα εἶναι τὸν λυμαινόμενον τοῖς καλοῖς τούτοις. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν ἀπώλειαν ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ’ αἰσχύνην, βουλόμενος ὥστε ζῶντας ἐγκαλύπτεσθαι, καὶ καταδύεσθαι, καὶ μαρτυρεῖν δι’ ὧν πάσχουσι τὴν ἰσχὺν καὶ τὴν εὐημερίαν τῷ ἔθνει τούτῳ. Ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτὸν ἐξανθήσει τὸ ἁγίασμά μου. Τί ἐστιν, Ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτόν; Ἐπὶ τὸν λαόν. Τὸ ἁγίασμα ἕτερος Τὸ κέρας εἶπεν. Ἄλλος, Ἀφόρισμα αὐτοῦ. Ἄλλος, Τὸ ἀφωρισμένον αὐτοῦ. Τί ποτ’ οὖν ἐστι τὸ εἰρημένον; Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ τὴν εὐπραγίαν λέγειν, τὴν ἀσφάλειαν, τὴν ἰσχὺν, τὴν βασιλείαν.